The Intertwined Challenges of Poverty, Climate Change, and Economic Development

Malaria poses a significant obstacle to the development of Africa. The Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) convened to discuss the continent's progress and the support it requires, including measures to combat malaria.

A farmer on Mfangano Island in Lake Victoria, Kenya, described the financial burden of malaria. The cost of treatment often consumed a large portion of their meager monthly income, as their children frequently contracted the disease.

The living environment contributes to the spread of malaria. Mosquitoes, which transmit the disease, bite from evening to early morning. Homes with gaps in walls and roofs, along with outdoor toilets and cooking areas, provide easy access for mosquitoes.

A research team installed a mosquito net that completely covered a family's house. This intervention significantly reduced the frequency of malaria infections, leading to improved living conditions for the family.

In 2023, 263 million malaria infections occurred across 83 countries, resulting in 597,000 deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of this burden, accounting for 94% of global infections. The prevalence of malaria is closely linked to poverty.

Japan and China, once plagued by malaria, have successfully eliminated domestic infections through preventative measures and economic growth. Other Asian nations have also achieved similar success.

Preventing malaria is more influenced by economic conditions than geographical factors. Well-built housing and the regular use of mosquito nets and insecticides are key to reducing infections.

Malaria control efforts in Africa heavily rely on international aid. Organizations like the Global Fund provide a significant portion of the funding, with the majority allocated to sub-Saharan Africa. However, African governments often fall short of their healthcare spending targets.

Asian nations that eradicated malaria combined international aid with their own efforts. In contrast, in Africa, local malaria-related activities often cease when aid organization contracts expire.

Researchers are concerned about drug-resistant mosquitoes, insecticide resistance, and the adaptation of mosquitoes to urban environments. Climate change is also altering mosquito behavior, expanding their habitats and increasing the risk of infection.

A Japanese medical equipment company opened a regional office in Nairobi, promoting rapid malaria diagnostic devices. The company sees a business opportunity in Africa's growing population.

While direct investment in Africa is increasing, the expansion of a middle class with purchasing power has not kept pace with population growth.

The United Nations aims to reduce global malaria infections by 90% by 2030. Achieving this could significantly boost Africa's GDP. Japan has pledged financial contributions to the Global Fund. Linking malaria control with economic development, education, and climate change resilience is crucial.