China Deploys Dual Aircraft Carriers Near Japan in First-Ever Simultaneous Pacific Operation

Unprecedented Dual Carrier Deployment in Western Pacific

In a significant development for regional security, Japan's Ministry of Defense reported the first-ever simultaneous operation of two Chinese aircraft carriers, the Liaoning and the Shandong, in the Pacific Ocean near remote Japanese islands. This unprecedented deployment occurred throughout June 2025, with both carrier strike groups conducting extensive drills and flight operations.

The Japanese Ministry of Defense tracked the activities of both carriers, noting their presence within Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) but outside its territorial waters. This move is seen by Tokyo as a clear indication of Beijing's expanding naval capabilities and its intent to project power further into the Pacific.

Details of Carrier Movements and Operations

The Shandong, China's second aircraft carrier, was observed with four other warships approximately 550 kilometers southeast of Miyako Island in Okinawa Prefecture. It was also spotted operating north of Okinotorishima, Japan's southernmost island, located about 1,700 km south of Tokyo, where it conducted numerous flight operations involving fighter jets and helicopters. The Shandong conducted approximately 420 takeoffs and landings between June 9 and June 22.

Concurrently, the Liaoning, China's first aircraft carrier, operated off Minamitorishima, Japan's easternmost island. Its presence marked the first time a Chinese aircraft carrier had crossed the 'second island chain,' a strategic area stretching from Japan to Guam and Micronesia. The Liaoning was tracked from May 25 to June 19, performing around 700 takeoffs and landings. Both carriers were accompanied by escort ships, including Type 055 destroyers, Type 052D destroyers, Type 054A frigates, and Type 901 support ships.

Japanese Response and Chinese Justification

Japan's Defense Minister, Gen Nakatani, confirmed the simultaneous operations, emphasizing that Tokyo was closely monitoring the situation. During the operations, aircraft from the Shandong reportedly approached a Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force P-3C patrol aircraft, coming as close as 45 meters. Japan subsequently expressed 'serious concern' over this incident to Beijing.

In response to Japan's reports, Chinese Navy spokesperson Senior Capt. Wang Xuemeng stated that the exercises were 'routine training' designed 'to test the forces' capabilities in far seas defense and joint operations,' and were not aimed at any specific country. China's Foreign Ministry also defended the movements as being in compliance with international law.

Regional Implications and Strategic Context

This dual carrier deployment underscores China's ambition to enhance its operational capabilities in distant maritime and airspace areas, challenging existing regional dynamics. Japan views China's intensifying military activities as its 'greatest strategic challenge' and a 'serious concern' for its security. The deployment also occurred at a time when U.S. aircraft carriers, the USS Nimitz and USS George Washington, were also present in the Western Pacific, highlighting the increasing military presence of major powers in the region.