China Deploys Dual Aircraft Carriers in Historic Western Pacific Operation

Historic Dual Carrier Deployment

The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) recently conducted a historic dual aircraft carrier deployment in the Western Pacific, marking the first time both of China's operational carriers, the Liaoning and the Shandong, operated simultaneously in the region. This significant maneuver, which took place in June 2025, involved extensive drills near Japanese islands and was closely monitored by regional powers.

The deployment showcased China's expanding naval capabilities and its strategic intent to enhance its operational reach in distant waters. Chinese navy spokesperson Senior Captain Wang Xuemeng stated that the exercises were 'routine training' in the Western Pacific, designed 'to test their capabilities in far seas protection and joint operations,' and were in compliance with international laws, not targeting any specific country.

Operational Zones and Activities

During the deployment, the aircraft carriers operated in various locations near Japanese territory. The CNS Shandong was sighted southeast of Miyako Island and later north of Okinotorishima, Japan's southernmost island. Meanwhile, the CNS Liaoning ventured east of Iwo Jima and reached as far as Minamitorishima, Japan's easternmost island, marking the first instance a Chinese aircraft carrier crossed the 'second island chain.'

Both carriers conducted numerous flight operations, demonstrating their air power projection capabilities. The Liaoning performed approximately 700 takeoffs and landings of its embarked fighter jets and helicopters between late May and June 19. The Shandong, operating from June 9 to June 22, conducted about 420 takeoffs and landings. These operations involved J-15 fighter jets and various helicopters, underscoring the carriers' combat readiness.

Escort Vessels and Regional Reactions

Each aircraft carrier was accompanied by a formidable escort fleet, forming a carrier strike group. The Shandong's group included a Type 055 destroyer, two Type 054A frigates, and a replenishment ship. The Liaoning's group featured a Type 055 cruiser, a Type 052D destroyer, and a replenishment vessel. These escorts provide defense and logistical support, enabling sustained operations in distant waters.

The dual carrier deployment drew significant attention and concern from neighboring countries. Japan's Ministry of Defense closely monitored the Chinese naval movements, expressing 'concern' and communicating with China through diplomatic channels. Japanese forces also scrambled fighter jets in response to the flight operations conducted by the Chinese carriers. Taiwan also observed the operations, interpreting them as a sign of China's 'expansionist nature.'

Strategic Implications

This unprecedented dual carrier operation highlights China's ongoing military modernization and its ambition to develop a true 'blue-water' navy capable of operating globally. Analysts view the deployment as a clear signal of Beijing's intent to challenge existing maritime containment strategies in the Indo-Pacific region and to enhance its capacity for power projection far beyond its shores. The exercises contribute to China's goal of improving the operational capabilities of its aircraft carriers in distant seas and airspace.