US Advances Plans for Divided Gaza: 'Green Zone' Under International Control, 'Red Zone' in Ruins

The United States is reportedly developing a long-term plan for the future of Gaza, envisioning a division of the territory into distinct zones: a 'green zone' designated for reconstruction and international oversight, and a 'red zone' where significant devastation would remain. This strategy is part of a broader US-led peace initiative aimed at stabilizing the region following recent conflicts. The proposals outline a significant role for an international stabilization force and have sparked considerable discussion among global actors.

The 'Green Zone' and 'Red Zone' Framework

Under the proposed US plan, Gaza would be divided along the existing Israeli-controlled 'yellow line'. The 'green zone' would fall under Israeli and international military control, serving as the primary area for reconstruction efforts. Foreign forces are expected to initially deploy alongside Israeli soldiers in the eastern part of Gaza within this zone. Conversely, the 'red zone' is projected to be left in ruins, with no immediate plans for reconstruction. Reports indicate that almost the entirety of Gaza's displaced Palestinian population is currently residing in this devastated 'red zone'. Earlier concepts for 'alternative safe communities' (ASC) for Palestinians were reportedly dropped this week, according to US officials. US planners reportedly hope that limited reconstruction in the 'green zone' will 'attract' desperate Palestinians into the Israeli-controlled area.

Role of the International Stabilization Force

A central component of the US plan is the establishment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF). This force would operate under international and Israeli military control, with the US seeking a mandate through a United Nations Security Council resolution. The ISF's responsibilities would include ensuring security, facilitating humanitarian aid, and training Palestinian police forces. Initial deployment could involve a few hundred troops, potentially expanding to a force of up to 20,000 personnel, operating exclusively within the 'green zone'. While a Pentagon official has clarified that 'no U.S. troops will be deployed into Gaza', US military personnel are actively working with international partners to develop options for basing international troops near the Palestinian territory. Reports have also emerged about plans for a large US military base near Gaza, potentially costing $500 million, to support the ISF.

International Reactions and Challenges

The US plan, often referred to as Donald Trump's 20-point 'peace plan', includes provisions for a ceasefire, hostage release, demilitarization of Gaza, and a conditional pathway towards Palestinian self-determination and statehood. However, the plan has faced pushback and criticism. Concerns have been raised about the lack of Palestinian involvement in its formulation and the potential for a long-term occupation, leading to a state of 'not war but not peace'. Russia, China, and some Arab countries have expressed opposition or sought significant amendments to the US-drafted UN Security Council resolution, particularly regarding the clarity of a pathway to an independent Palestinian state and the role of the Palestinian Authority. Plans for Gaza's future have been described as 'shifting at a dizzying rate', reflecting a complex and often improvised approach to the conflict.