Indonesia to Deploy 30 Unmanned Submarines by 2026 to Bolster Maritime Security

Indonesia Advances Maritime Defense with Autonomous Submarine Fleet

Indonesia has announced ambitious plans to produce 30 autonomous, or unmanned, submarines (KSOT) by 2026, a move aimed at significantly enhancing the security of its critical sea lanes and strategic 'choke points.' This initiative positions Indonesia as the fourth country globally to develop and produce such advanced unmanned underwater vehicles, following the United States, Russia, and China. The project, valued at approximately US$1 billion, underscores Indonesia's commitment to modernizing its naval capabilities and asserting its role as a maritime power.

Strategic Imperative and Indigenous Development

The decision to proceed with the production of these unmanned submarines was confirmed by Indonesian Defence Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin, following a comprehensive technical evaluation involving the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), the Navy Chief of Staff, and the Director of PT PAL. President Prabowo Subianto has urged the swift realization of the project, emphasizing its importance to the TNI's strategic weapons development plan.

The state-owned shipbuilding company, PT PAL Indonesia, has been entrusted with the design, development, and manufacturing of the KSOTs. A prototype, identified by hull number KSOT-008, was successfully tested on October 30, 2025, at the Indonesian Navy Fleet II Command Pier in Surabaya, where officials witnessed the launch of a training torpedo. The prototype was also showcased during the 80th Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) Anniversary on October 5, 2025.

Technological Capabilities and Future Enhancements

The KSOTs are described as physically small, AI-based, and powered by an electric motor, with their navigation system currently relying on internet signals. While the current prototype is capable of launching electric-motor-powered training torpedoes, it is not yet equipped for lethal torpedo deployment. However, PT PAL officials have indicated that combat and autonomous capabilities will continue to be upgraded in each phase of this strategic development program.

Variants of the KSOT are planned, including models for:

• Surveillance
• One-way attack (kamikaze-style)
• Torpedo-launch, capable of carrying two heavyweight torpedoes.

These unmanned systems are designed to offer significant efficiencies in terms of personnel, resources, and time, providing a cost-effective and risk-reducing option for underwater operations.

Broader Naval Modernization and Strategic Vision

This initiative is a crucial component of Indonesia's broader naval modernization efforts, aligning with its 'Global Maritime Fulcrum' vision and the 'Minimum Essential Force' (MEF) doctrine. The deployment of unmanned submarines is intended to strengthen Indonesia's deterrence capability and enhance its self-reliance in defense manufacturing. The vessels will be strategically deployed along critical maritime choke points, including the Sunda, Lombok, and Makassar Straits, which are vital arteries for global trade and naval transit.

The move addresses ongoing maritime security challenges, such as illegal fishing, foreign incursions, and territorial disputes, particularly in areas like the North Natuna Sea. By integrating advanced technology like the KSOT, Indonesia aims to maintain its sovereignty and protect its economic interests across its vast archipelagic waters.