Projecting Strength, Challenging the West, and Forging New Alliances

In Beijing, China, on September 3, 2025, President Prabowo Subianto, Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese President Xi Jinping, and other foreign delegates gathered for a family photo before a military parade. The event commemorated the 80th anniversary of the end of World War Two.

The parade was designed to showcase China's military strength and diplomatic influence. It occurred amidst strained relations between the United States and its allies and rivals, due to US President Donald Trump's trade policies and unpredictable decision-making. Western leaders largely avoided the event, with Putin and Kim Jong Un, both facing international criticism, as the primary guests of honor.

Xi Jinping addressed a crowd of over 50,000 spectators in Tiananmen Square, emphasizing the choice between peace and war, dialogue and confrontation. He stated that the Chinese people stood "on the right side of history." Following his speech, Xi inspected troops and military equipment, including missiles, tanks, and drones. The showcase, filled with symbolism and propaganda, concluded with the release of peace doves and balloons.

Xi, wearing a suit reminiscent of former leader Mao Zedong, greeted numerous leaders on the red carpet, including President Prabowo Subianto. Xi's wife, Peng Liyuan, welcomed guests in English. Xi was seen conversing with Putin and Kim in the viewing gallery.

Donald Trump commented on the event, highlighting the US role in China's freedom from Japan. Trump stated he did not view the parade as a challenge to the United States. Japan's government declined to comment, emphasizing the importance of building constructive relations between the two nations.

Xi framed World War Two as a turning point in China's "great rejuvenation," highlighting its rise to economic and geopolitical prominence. Earlier in the week, Xi presented his vision for a new global order, advocating for unity against "hegemonism and power politics."

Analysts are observing whether Xi, Putin, and Kim might signal closer defense relations, potentially altering the military landscape in the Asia-Pacific region. Putin has used the occasion to solidify energy deals with China, while Kim has gained implicit support for his nuclear weapons program. Kim's attendance marked his first major multilateral event.

Over the past two years, the People's Liberation Army has undergone a corruption crackdown, resulting in the purge of numerous generals. The parade allowed Xi to highlight the modernization of China's military while overshadowing challenges within the PLA.

The parade aimed to project China's strength and galvanize patriotic spirit. Xi called the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation "unstoppable." The event was meticulously planned, with road closures, school closures, and extensive security measures. Local governments mobilized volunteers and Communist Party members to monitor for potential unrest.