Japanese Researchers Identify Genetic Indicators for Tailor-Made Alzheimer’s Prevention

Researchers at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Tokyo have made significant strides in identifying a cluster of genes linked to Alzheimer's disease, which could facilitate the creation of personalized prevention techniques tailored to individuals' specific traits and circumstances. In their findings, published in "Alzheimer's Research & Therapy" on June 10, they indicated that for those genetically predisposed to the disease, engaging in physical exercise and cognitive training significantly enhances cognitive abilities, potentially leading to more efficient health care practices.

In many medical institutions and elder care facilities, moderate exercise and mental training are being implemented as preventative measures against dementia. However, the effectiveness of these interventions has varied among individuals, leaving researchers puzzled about the reasons for such differences. To investigate, the study examined the genomes of nearly 4,000 Alzheimer's patients aged between 65 and 85, as well as over 4,000 seniors with typical cognitive abilities. During this analysis, they identified over 12,000 genetic variations associated with dementia, enabling them to categorize patients by their genetic risk for developing the disease.

The research team carefully monitored cognitive function over one and a half years while providing various anti-dementia activities—including weekly workouts, dietary advice, and cognitive exercises. The results revealed that individuals with a high genetic risk who engaged in these measures experienced cognitive improvement at a rate 3.6 times greater after six months compared to those who did not participate in such interventions. This improvement level remained twice as high even at the one and eighteen-month marks. Conversely, no enhancement in symptoms was noted among low-risk individuals, despite participating in preventative activities. Additionally, those possessing mutations in the ID3 and LMO1 genes showed no improvement, indicating that these genetic factors may limit the effectiveness of preventative measures.

Daichi Shigemizu, the lead researcher, emphasized the significance of non-drug treatments such as brain training in light of recent developments in Alzheimer's medication, which is restricted in usage. He expressed a desire to refine treatment approaches and enhance the identification of individuals most likely to benefit from these interventions.