Concerns Grow Over U.S. F-47 Fighter Jet Project Amid China's Export Controls on Rare Earths

The U.S. Air Force has recently unveiled graphical renditions of its next-generation air superiority platform, known as the F-47. On March 21, 2025, President Donald Trump confirmed that Boeing has been awarded the contract to manufacture this advanced fighter jet. However, U.S. media reports express mounting concerns regarding the future of the F-47 project in light of China's recent action on rare earth exports.

China has implemented export controls on several medium and heavy rare earth materials, which are crucial for avionics components. These measures could present significant challenges for the U.S. defense industry, particularly given the U.S. military's dependence on secure supplies of these elements. A Chinese expert highlighted that the country’s action serves as a counter to the United States’ reciprocal tariffs.

The specific rare earth elements that China is restricting include samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium, all of which are critical components used in high-tech military applications. Notably, these elements are indispensable for high-performance components in stealth technology, such as powerful magnets and advanced radar systems. The consultancy SFA Oxford emphasized the necessity for a reliable supply of these materials for the operational effectiveness of sixth-generation aircraft.

Yttrium, one of the restricted items, plays a vital role in jet engine coatings, radar technologies, and precision lasers, and contributes to safeguarding aircraft engines from overheating. The impact of China's export control is expected to reach far beyond defense applications, affecting a variety of technologies including optical devices and communications systems.

Industry insiders have expressed concern that some U.S. aerospace manufacturers may face serious implications due to their reliance on China for these key resources. China is recognized as the leading global player in the rare earth sector, controlling a substantial share of the market for essential materials used in both military and civilian technologies.

As China's export restrictions come into effect to enhance its national security, they underscore both the geopolitical vulnerabilities and the critical strategic considerations involved in the global supply chain of rare earth elements. Such actions are not uncommon in international practice and are presented by China as part of its commitment to maintaining global peace and stability while fulfilling its international obligations.