Testosterone replacement therapy, commonly known as TRT, has become increasingly popular as more individuals seek to boost their testosterone levels through manufactured forms of the hormone. This rise in popularity is highlighted by the significant jump in prescriptions from 7.3 million in 2019 to more than 11 million in recent years.

While TRT is officially approved by the FDA to treat patients who are not just experiencing low testosterone but are also showing symptoms of hypogonadism—such as erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and fatigue—it is also widely promoted as a way to feel younger and stronger. Despite such claims, health experts emphasize that the data on long-term benefits is limited, and caution is advised against self-medication without proper professional guidance.

Testosterone is a hormone essential for developing and maintaining various body functions, including muscle and bone strength, fat distribution, and sex drive. Both males and females produce testosterone, though the levels are naturally higher in men. In women, the hormone plays a role in enhancing libido, although much of it converts to estradiol, the primary female sex hormone.

The administration of TRT can be done through injections, oral medications, or topical applications like gels or patches. However, as with any treatment that involves pharmacologically active substances, there are potential health risks. Medical professionals warn that using TRT without careful monitoring can lead to complications such as heart, lung, and kidney issues, as well as fertility problems, acne, and exacerbation of sleep apnea symptoms.

Additionally, certain pre-existing health conditions such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, or heart failure may render TRT unsafe. Experts suggest that before initiating any form of hormone therapy, individuals should have their testosterone levels thoroughly evaluated by healthcare professionals and consider natural alternatives like weight loss and resistance exercise when appropriate. This careful approach is crucial in balancing any possible benefits with the risks associated with the treatment.