Dog Ownership Linked to Lower Rates of Dementia and Frailty in Older Adults

Research conducted by Yu Taniguchi and colleagues focused on more than 11,000 residents over 65 in Tokyo’s Ota Ward over a four-year period starting in 2016. The study revealed that those who owned dogs were 40% less likely to develop dementia, and a separate two-year study involving about 6,200 individuals indicated a 20% reduced risk of frailty among dog owners.

The research highlighted that the benefits of owning a dog might stem from increased physical activity and opportunities for social interaction provided by daily walks—a routine that helps prevent isolation, a known risk factor for poor health. In contrast, cat owners did not exhibit significant reductions in the risk of dementia or frailty, possibly due to less emphasis on activities that promote physical exercise.

Further analysis showed that regular exercise without dog ownership could also reduce dementia risk; however, those who both exercised and owned dogs experienced even more pronounced health benefits. Taniguchi, who also practices these measures by walking his own dog daily, noted that the combined effect of physical and social engagement is likely key to reducing health risks among the elderly.