Scientists Unravel Mystery of Mars' Martian Dichotomy

For over fifty years, the puzzling phenomenon known as the "Martian dichotomy" has intrigued scientists, depicting a significant difference in elevation between Mars' southern highlands and northern lowlands. Recent research, informed by data from NASA's InSight lander, indicates that this divide may stem from deep internal processes within the planet rather than from collisions with other celestial bodies.

The study highlights the distinct characteristics of the two Martian hemispheres. The southern highlands are elevated and marked by craters, retaining evidence of a past magnetosphere, while the northern plains present a younger and smoother terrain devoid of magnetic remnants. The crust beneath the southern regions is notably thicker. Researchers propose that the contrasting features of Mars' surface may have originated from heat transfer and mantle dynamics, which shaped the planet during its formative years.

Analysis of marsquakes has contributed significantly to this understanding, suggesting that the surface was sculpted by internal forces alongside the planet's cooling process, which led to the formation of what is known as a "stagnant lid." However, while this research enhances comprehension of the Martian dichotomy, it does not completely resolve the mystery. The team stresses the need for further marsquake data and comparative studies between Mars, Earth, and other celestial bodies to substantiate their claims.