Current Trends in Pediatric Influenza During Respiratory Infection Season

The ongoing peak season for respiratory infections in children is characterized primarily by viral infections and mycoplasma pneumoniae, with the influenza virus being the most commonly detected pathogen, according to medical professionals at a press conference organized by the National Health Commission. They highlighted the importance of keeping a child at home if they contract influenza, especially since many children exhibit fever as a primary symptom, often accompanied by headaches, muscle pain, and general fatigue. Additionally, respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sore throat, and a runny nose can also arise, with some children presenting more pronounced gastrointestinal issues than adults, such as nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite.

Most children usually experience a short-lived, self-limiting illness when infected with the influenza virus, with fever typically lasting two to three days and a full recovery expected within a week. However, it was noted that some children might endure a lingering cough and may feel fatigue or weakness for longer than is typical following their infection. In instances of influenza, parents are advised to focus on antiviral and supportive treatments, as there are specific antiviral medications available for children which should be administered as soon as possible, ideally within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms, and under medical supervision.

Experts also pointed out that antibiotics do not work against the influenza virus. Recent data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention showed that from late December 2024, an overwhelming majority—99.6 percent—of positive influenza virus samples across various provinces in China were identified as H1N1 influenza. Although there has been a slight increase in severe pneumonia cases linked to influenza compared to previous years, the overall rate of infection remains low, prompting specialists to recommend that patients initiate treatment as soon as possible to facilitate a prompt recovery.