Pupils from Ethnic Minority Backgrounds Disproportionately Affected by School Exclusions

A new study by the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) and education charity The Difference reveals a concerning trend of increased school exclusions among pupils from ethnic minority backgrounds. The research indicates that Black Caribbean students and pupils of dual Black and white heritage are twice as likely to be moved to alternative provisions like Pupil Referral Units (PRUs), while Romani/Gypsy, Roma and Irish Traveller pupils are four times more likely to experience such outcomes.

This alarming disparity has prompted concerns about potential racism and teacher bias contributing to the disproportionate exclusion rates. The study cites research by Jahnine Davis, a leading UK expert in adultification bias, suggesting that underestimation of racism experienced by ethnic minority children and the presence of bias may lead to under-recognition of their vulnerability. Consequently, behaviors stemming from these vulnerabilities might be misinterpreted as purely disruptive and met with disciplinary action instead of investigation.

The report also highlights the limitations of current exclusion and absence estimations, arguing that they fail to capture the full picture of children losing learning opportunities. Poorer children, children known to social services, those with special educational needs (SEN) and/or mental health issues, and children from ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by missed learning.

The concerning trend of rising school exclusions has prompted a response from the Department for Education. They acknowledge the severity of the issue and its detrimental impact on children's life chances. The department is committed to addressing the root causes of poor behavior by providing access to specialist mental health professionals in every school, introducing free breakfast clubs in primary schools, and ensuring earlier intervention for pupils with special needs in mainstream schools. Additionally, the government is developing a strategy to reduce child poverty, aiming to break down barriers to opportunity.

The findings of this study underscore the urgent need to address racial disparities in school exclusions and ensure equitable access to education for all children, regardless of their background. Addressing potential bias, providing adequate support, and tackling the root causes of disruptive behavior are crucial steps towards creating a more inclusive and equitable education system.